Primjena vizualnog menadžmenta u proizvodnim poduzećima

Tema završnog rada je bio vizualni menadžment s posebnim naglaskom na alatima vizualnog menadžmenta i promjenama koje donosi njegova uporaba u nekom poduzeću ili organizaciji. što se alata tiče vidi se kroz priložene primjere da su oni vrlo raznoliki te da njihova upotreba ovisi o ljudskoj volji i maštovitosti. Drugim riječima, mi sami odlučujemo da li će nam neka slika, dijagram, ljepljiva traka, Lego kockice kao u General Motorsu ili nešto drugo biti od značaja kao alat vizualnog menadžmenta. Govoreći o alatima vizualnog menadžmenta dotaknuo sam se i metode 5S. Metoda 5S ima izrazito vizualnu prirodu, sa jakim utjecajem vizualnog menadžmenta. Metoda 5S govori o organizaciji na radnom mjestu, o čistoći i redu, o disciplini te o konstantom održavanju takvoga stanja. Bitno je dakle da na radnom mjestu nema nereda, da su sve komponente i faktori važni za rad pregledni i na svom određenom mjestu kako bi lakše pojedinac ili skupina mogla funkcionirati

KAZNENOPRAVNA ZAŠTITA RADNIKA PREMA ODREDBAMA NOVOG KAZNENOG ZAKONA

U radu se obrađuje problematika kaznenopravne zaštite radnika, koja je danas osobito aktualna s obzirom na najnovije normativne zahvate zakonodavca. Naime, novi Kazneni zakon predvidio je posebnu glavu kaznenih djela (glava XII.) protiv radnih odnosa i socijalnog osiguranja, u kojoj je uveden niz novina u odnosu prema dosadašnjem zakonskom uređenju. Glavu kojom se štite radni odnosi kao pravno dobro sadržavao je Krivični zakon Republike Hrvatske, no Kaznenim zakonom iz 1997. zasebna glava je ukinuta, a danas je ponovo vraćena. Rad nastoji ponuditi odgovor na pitanje iz kojih se razloga zakonodavac odlučio za novu intervenciju u ovom području. Je li riječ o neznatnoj nomotehničkoj prilagodbi, nostalgiji za vremenom u kojem je radnik bio „zaštićen kao medvjed“, ili je posrijedi nešto treće? Postiže li se novim Kaznenim zakonom bolja zaštita radnika? Hoće li to pridonijeti srozavanju ionako niske razine efikasnosti hrvatskog gospodarstva, ili će pak onemogućiti vječito ponavljanje tipične „hrvatske priče“, navedene u prologu? Što konkretno donose nove zakonske izmjene te koje bi dvojbe one mogle izazvati u praksi? Odgovaranju na navedena pitanja autori su pristupili iz više smjerova: u uvodnom dijelu osvrnuli su se na suvremene ekonomske tendencije, a potom su prešli na obradu konkretnih kaznenih djela, uz komparativni osvrt na rješenja iz pojedinih zemalja kontinentalne tradicije

General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities in sunflower

Used in this study were 20 new Rf-lines, five A-tester lines and their 100 hybrid combinations. A large number of agronomically important traits of these genotypes have been studied. The present paper reports the results for plant height, seed yield (kg/ha), seed oil content (%), oil yield (kg/ha), and resistance to Sclerotinia head rot. In most of the hybrid combinations significant heterosis of various intensity levels was found for all the above traits. Analysis of the combining abilities for the traits concerned has shown that there are significant differences among the Rf-lines and A-tester lines regarding the values of the general combining ability (GCA). In some of the lines highly significant positive and negative GCA effects were observed. Analysis of the components of genetic variance has shown both additive and nonadditive gene action to be responsible for the inheritance of the traits. Still, the contribution of the nonadditive component was more significant. This is supported by the GCA/SCA ratio values, which were lower than 1 and as such indicative of the higher importance of nonadditive genes in the expression of the traits. The largest contribution to the traits’ expression was that of the A-testers. The contributions of the Rf-lines and tester/line interactions were smaller. Based on the study’s results, it can be concluded that the following lines have the largest practical value in breeding terms: PR-ST-3A, Ha-26A, RHA-N-92, and RUS-RF-100

Inheritance of seed size in sunflower

There are several ways to increase yield per unit area. One of the most commonly used ways is to increase seed size and seed number per head while maintaining or raising the number of plants per unit area. Breeding for seed size may prove to be of great importance in increasing sunflower yields. In order to study the mode of inheritance, components of genetic variance and combining ability for seed length, width and thickness (seed size), half diallel crosses of six divergent sunflowers inbred lines were made. The results have shown that there existed significant differences between the parent lines and their progenies regarding the mean values of the three traits. In the inheritance of seed length, width and thickness, the additive gene effect proved to be of great importance since the value of the additive component (D) was considerably higher than that of the dominant component (H1, H2). The average degree of dominance indicates the presence of partial dominance in the inheritance of the three investigated traits in the progenies. The inbred line cms-13 had the highest positive values of general combining ability for all examined characters. The best specific combinations for all three investigated traits were R-15 x cms-19 and cms-77 x R-18

Kombinacione sposobnosti za širinu, dužinu i broj brakteja suncokreta

Radi proučavanja opštih i posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti za širinu, dužinu i broj brakteja urađena su dialelna ukrštanja bez recipročnih, četiri inbred linije suncokreta. Dobijeni eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su analizom varijanse i analizom dialelnih ukrštanja za kombinacione sposobnosti po Griffing-u (1956), metod 2, model I. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da između roditeljskih linija i generacija potomstva postoje visoko signifikantne značajne razlike. Analiza varijanse dialelnih ukrštanja za kombinacione sposobnosti ukazuje na prisustvo visoko signifikantne razlike u opštim (OKS) i posebnim (PKS) kombinacionim sposobnostima za sva ispitivana svojstva, što znaci da su ona uslovljena genima sa aditivnim i neaditivnim (dominacija i epistaza) efektom. Inbred linija KIZ se pokazala kao najbolji opšti kombinator za dužinu i širinu brakteja, a ona je ujedno i linija sa najvisim srednjim vrednostima za ova svojstva. Najbolji opšti kombinator u pogledu broja brakteja je linija OCMS-81 koja ima i najvišu srednju vrednost za ovo svojstvo. Kombinacija ukrštanja R-18 x KIZ je bila najbolji posebni kombinator za broj brakteja, R-15 x OCMS-81 za širinu brakteja, a OCMS-81 x R-18 za duzinu

Opšte (OKS) i posebne (PKS) kombinirajuće sposobnosti kod suncokreta

Used in this study were 20 new Rf-lines, five A-tester lines and their 100 hybrid combinations. A large number of agronomically important traits of these genotypes have been studied. The present paper reports the results for plant height, seed yield (kg/ha), seed oil content (%), oil yield (kg/ha),'and resistance to Sclerotinia head rot. In most of the hybrid combinations significant heterosis of various intensity levels was found for all the above traits. Analysis of the combining abilities for the traits concerned has shown that there are significant differences among the Rf-lines and A-tester lines regarding the values of the general combining ability (GCA). In some of the lines highly significant positive and negative GCA effects were observed. Analysis of the components of genetic variance has shown both additive and non additive gene actions to be responsible for the inheritance of the traits. Still, the contribution of the no additive component was more significant. This is supported by the GCA/SCA ratio values, which were lower than 1 and as such indicative of the higher importance of non additive genes in the expression of the traits. The largest contribution to the traits' expression was that of the A-testers. The contributions of the Rf-lines and tester/line interactions were smaller. Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that the following lines have the largest practical value in breeding terms: PR-ST-3A, Ha-26A, RHA-N-92, and RUS-RF-100. .Za ova ispitivanja korišćeno je 20 Rf - novih i 5 A - tester linija i njihovih 100 hibridnih kombinacija. Kod korišćenih linija i njihovih hibridnih kombinacija ispitivan je velik broj agronomski važnih svojstava. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati za visinu biljaka, prinos semena (kg/ha), sadržaj ulja u semenu (%), prinos ulja (kg/ha) i Sclerotinia-head rot. Kod većine hibridnih kombinacija ispoljio se značajan heterozis različitog intenziteta za sva ispitivana svojstva. Analize kombinirajučih sposobnosti za ispitivana svojstva pokazuju da između Rf i A-tester linija postoje značajne razlike u vrednostima opštih kombinirajućih sposobnosti (GCA). Za ispitivana svojstva kod određenih linija postoje visoko signifikantni pozitivni ili negativni efekti GCA. Analize komponenti genetičke varijanse pokazuju da je aditivno i neaditivno delovanje gena odgovorno za nasleđivanje ispitivanih svojstava. Međutim, udeo neaditivne komponente je najznačajniji. Ovo potvrđuju i vrednosti odnosa GCA/SCA za ispitivana svojstva koji su manji od l i ukazuju na značaj neaditivnih gena u ekspresiji dotičnih svojstava. Najveći prosečni doprinos u ekspresiji ispitivanih svojstava imale su A - tester linije, dok je doprinos Rf linija i interakcije tester/linije manji. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se konstatovati da najveću praktičnu oplemenjivačku vrednost imaju linije PR-ST-3A, Ha-26A, RHA-N-92 i RUS-RF-100. Hibridne kombinacije: Ha-26A x RHA-N-92, Ha-26A x RUS-RF-100 i PR-ST-3A x RHA-N-147 imaju najbolje vrednosti SCA za najvažnija agronomska svojstva.

Development of inbred lines of sunflower with various oil qualities

The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is one of most important oil crops in the world. Although sunflower is primarily grown for extraction of oil there is a limited production of non-oilseed types used for confections or as a bird feed. The objective of this research was the development of B- and R-lines with stable and high oleic acid content and modified tocopherol composition, with high GCA and SCA values for the two most important agronomic characters (seed yield and oil yield) and high tolerance to Phomopsis. B-lines [Lg-21 (tph1, Ol), Lg-24 (tph1, tph2) Lg-25 (tph2, Ol)] and R-lines (near-isogenic lines for three genes, i.e., Tph1, Tph2 and Ol–VK 66) were used as donors of tph1 and tph2 recessive alleles and Ol gene, in a backcross program with lines for high GCA and SCA values and high tolerance to Phomopsis: B-lines (Ha-74, Ha-98 CMS-III-8) and R-lines (RHA-583, RHA-576, RHA-SEL, RHA-SNRF). Tocopherol composition was determined by thin-layer chromatography followed by the Emmerie-Engel reaction and densitometer quantification. The screening for oleic acid content was performed by gas liquid chromatography. The program of incorporation of tph1 and tph2 alleles was based on the backcross method for the recessive traits of sunflower seeds, which includes the selfing of backcrossed plants and simultaneous individual crossing with the recurrent line. As a result of this investigation we made a set of new inbred lines with high or normal content of oleic acid and modified tocopherol composition which may be used for developing materials with certain levels of oleic and linoleic acids and a desirable content of alpha, beta, gamma and delta-tocopherol. As a final result, a set of specialty oils might be obtained for human consumption and industrial purposes

Teški metali u zemljištima vinograda Vojvodine

The study presented in this paper deals with heavy metals content in vineyard soils from 44 individual producers' lots from Vojvodina province, as well as detailed analyses of heavy metals content in vineyards from 3 sites (Sremski Karlovci, Banoštor and Vršac) in comparison with the control sample. Vojvodinian vineyard soils are generally not contaminated with heavy metals, with the exception of copper due to long-term intensive application of copper-based fungicide. In soil of 44 small vineyards, local contamination with Cr and Zn was found on one locality each, and geochemical origin Ni content higher than MAC in 9 samples from Fruška gora. Based on the second part of this study, content of all heavy metals, excluding Cu, was below MAC. However, in comparison to control sample, the content of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb was higher in vineyard soils at due to antropogenic influence and application of agro-chemicals. The highest concentration of Cu 336 mg kg-1 was noted in Petrovaradin in surface layer of soil, which is three times the value of MAC (100 mg kg-1). Out of total 226 analysed samples from all depths, 44 samples exceeded MAC value. It is especially unfavourable that 23 % of all analysed vineyard soils surface layers are in critical concentration zone (>60 mg kg-1) and 33 % exceed MAC, which shows that more than half of analysed Vojvodina vineyards are in need of monitoring, risk assessment and reduction of copper-based chemicals application.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja teških metala u zemljištima vinograda individualnih proizvođača sa 44 parcele širom Vojvodine i detaljnija ispitivanja sadržaja teških metala u vinogradima na tri lokaliteta (Sr. Karlovci, Banoštor i Vršac) u poređenju sa kontrolom. Generalno gledano, zemljišta vinograda Vojvodine nisu opterećena teškim metalima osim bakrom, što je posledica dugotrajne i intenzivne primene fungicida na bazi bakra. U zemljištu 44 vinograda malih površina postoje lokalna zagađenja Cr i Zn na po jednom lokalitetu, dok je sadržaj Ni koji premašuje MDK u 9 uzoraka sa Fruške gore geohemijskog porekla. Na osnovu drugog dela istraživanja, sadržaj svih teških metala osim Cu je ispod MDK, međutim u poređenju sa kontrolom sadržaj As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni i Pb je veći u zemljištu vinograda usled antropogenog uticaja primenom agrohemikalija. Najveća koncentracija Cu od 336 mg kg-1 zabeležena je u Petrovaradinu u površinskom sloju zemljišta, što je vrednost tri puta veća od MDK (100 mg kg-1). Od ukupno analiziranih 226 uzoraka po svim dubinama, 44 uzorka premašuje MDK. Posebno je nepovoljno što u površinskom sloju zemljišta svih ispitivanih vinograda 23 % spada u zonu kritične koncentracije (>60 mg kg-1) a 33 % premašuje MDK, što pokazuje da je na više od polovine ispitivanih vinograda u Vojvodini potrebno sprovesti monitoring, procenu rizika i redukciju primene bakarnih preparata

Racionalizacija đubrenja u uslovima ekonomske krize

Use of fertilizers keeps increasing on the global scale, primarily because of increased fertilizer use in developing countries. In conditions of the global economic crisis, the portion of expenditures for mineral fertilization increases within the total price of main field crops. Nitrogen fertilization cannot be omitted because of specific properties of this macronutrients (migration down the soil profile). Low humus content was found in a large number of soil samples taken on the territory of the Vojvodina Province. This calls for a more intensive application of organic fertilizers and restraint from the practice of burning harvest residues. Phosphorus and potassium fertilization may be optimized if soil analyses show that the levels of these macronutrients are above the optimum level (a minimum of 15 mg/100 g of soil). Length of period during which phosphorus and potassium fertilization will be omitted depends on the actual levels of these elements in the soil and crops grown.Upotreba đubriva u svetskim razmerama se povećava, prvenstveno zbog povećanja u zemljama u razvoju. U uslovima ekonomske krize povećava se značaj učešća troškova mineralnih đubriva u ukupnoj ceni koštanja osnovnih ratarskih useva. Zbog osobina azota (migriranje po dubini) ne postoji mogućnost izostavljanja đubrenja ovim makroelementom. Zbog niskog sadržaj humusa u značajnom broju uzoraka zemljišta sa teritorije Vojvodine potrebno je povećanje primene organskih đubriva, kao i prestanak prakse paljenja žetvenih ostataka na parcelama. Đubrenje fosforom i kalijumom je moguće racionalizovati ukoliko se analizom zemljišta utvrdi da je sadržaj ovih makrohraniva iznad optimalnog nivoa (minimalno 15 mg/100 g zemljišta). Period u kojem će se izostavljati đubrenje fosforom i kalijumom zavisi od obezbeđenosti zemljišta i od vrste gajenih biljaka na parceli

Rezultati ispitivanja NS hibrida suncokreta u ogledima i preporuka za setvu u 2007. godini

NS sunflower hybrids are developed primarily for the Serbian agro-ecological conditions while taking into account the limiting factors of the domestic sunflower production.The 2006 sunflower yields were negatively affected by excessive soil moisture, high groundwater levels, and floods occurring during the optimum period for sowing in nearly all sunflower-growing regions of the country. The increased moisture hampered planting and increased weediness thus negatively affecting the yields. Weather conditions in the latter part of the vegetation period had a favorable effect on sunflower growth and development. Seed and oil yields obtained in a network of small-plot trials varied according to location and cultural practices used. In both of the sunflower regions studied in the paper, the highest seed yields were produced by the hybrids Sremac, NS-H-111 and NS-H-45. The highest oil yields in the trial network were obtained with the hybrids Baca, Pobednik, Olivko and Sumadinac. The hybrids Baca, NS-H-111 and Sremac produced the highest oil yields in the province of Vojvodina, while the hybridsSumadinac, HS-H-111 and Stig did the same in central Serbia. In a two-year study in Vojvodina, the new hybrids Sremac, Sumadinac and Somborac proved their worth by producing higher seed yields than the hybrids commonly used in commercial production. Results of the small-plot trials confirmed the commercial value of the standard hybrids and showed the value of the new ones, which are expected to become the mainstays of sunflower production in the country as they gradually replace the currently predominant hybrids.Novosadski hibridi suncokreta prvenstveno se stvaraju za agroekološke uslove u Srbiji, pri čemu se vodi računa o limitirajućim faktorima proizvodnje. Izražena vlažnost zemljišta, visok nivo podzemnih voda i poplave u periodu optimalnom za setvu suncokreta, u skoro svim regionima gajenja, su se negativno odrazili na prinose u 2006. godini. Povećana vlažnost je omela setvu, povećala zakorovljenost, a time i negativno uticala na prinos. Vremenske prilike u drugoj polovini vegetacije povoljno su uticale na rast i razvoj suncokreta. Prinos semena i ulja se u mreži mikro ogleda razlikovao u zavisnosti od lokaliteta i primenjene agrotehnike. U oba ispitivana regiona najviši prinos semena ostvarili su hibridi Sremac, NS-H-111 i NS-H-45. Najuljaniji hibridi u mreži mikroogleda su bili Baća, Pobednik, Olivko i Šumadinac. Najveći prinos ulja u Vojvodini ostvarili su hibridi Baća NS-H-111 i Sremac, a u centralnoj Srbiji Šumadinac, NS-H-111 i Stig. Novi hibridi Sremac, Šumadinac i Somborac, u dvogodišnjim ispitiva njima u regionu Vojvodine, dokazali su svoju vrednost ostvarivši viši prinos semena od hibrida koji se nalaze u masovnoj proizvodnji. Rezultati mikroogleda potvrdili su komercijalnu vrednost standardnih hibrida i ukazali na vrednost novih hibrida od kojih se očekuje da postanu nosioci proizvodnje izmenom zastupljenosti hibrida u masovnoj proizvodnji suncokreta